Fair Housing Council

of Riverside County, Inc.

Federal Fair Housing Laws

Protect you from housing discrimination on the basis of:

Race, Color, National Origin, Sex, Disability, Families with Children or Pregnancy.

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1866: The first federal housing law, provides that all citizens shall have the same right as white persons to purchase and lease real estate and personal property. In 1968, the United States Supreme Court interpreted this statute to apply to all real estate transactions, private as well as public, thereby greatly expanding the legal remedies available to victims of housing discrimination. Provides protection to non-whites and Hispanic-Americans by court interpretations.

TITLE VI of the CIVIL RIGHTS ACT of 1968: The primary federal law which prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, lease or negotiation for property on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Exclusions include owner-occupied boarding houses with more than three units and non-commercial lodging. This law mandates that the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administer its program in a manner that will affirmatively further fair housing. Administrative complaints may be filed with HUD.

Housing and Community Development Act of 1974: Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin and sex in federally-assisted community development activities.

THE FAIR HOUSING AMENDMENTS ACT of 1988: The most dramatic and significant improvement in civil rights law since 1968. Effective March 1989 it provides federal protection against housing discrimination for the additional categories of the disabled and families with children under 18. It also provides HUD with the authority to initiate enforcement actions and to seek stiffer fines and penalties against individuals, businesses or organizations that discriminate in the sale, rental, or financing of housing.

Fair Housing Act (FHA) Fair Housing Act Regulations: The Fair Housing Act of 1968, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 3601, et seq. ("FHA"), prohibits illegal discrimination in all types of housing transactions including all aspects of residential real estate-related transactions, including, but not limited to: the making or purchasing of loans to purchase, construct, improve, repair, or maintain a dwelling; a loan secured with residential real estate, such as a home equity loan, and the selling, brokering, or appraising of residential real estate.

The FHA prohibits discrimination based on: race or color; national origin; religion; sex; familial status; and disability.

HUD's regulations implementing the FHA are found at 24 C.F.R. Parts 100 and 103.

HUD and DOJ have principal enforcement authority under the FHA. The banking agencies must notify HUD when they have a reason to believe that there has been an isolated violation of the FHA and must notify DOJ if a pattern or practice is indicated. The OCC, OTS, FDIC and FRB also may take administrative enforcement actions for violations of the FHA.

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) Regulation B: The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1972, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 1691, et seq. ("ECOA"), prohibits discrimination on a prohibited basis in any aspect of a credit transaction. The ECOA is not limited to consumer loans. It applies to any extension of credit, including to small businesses, corporations, trusts, and partnerships.

The ECOA prohibits discrimination based on: race or color; religion; national origin; sex; marital status; age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract); the applicant's receipt of income derived from any public assistance program; and the applicant's exercise, in good faith, of any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.

The Federal Reserve Board's Regulation B, found at 12 C.F.R. Part 202, implements the ECOA. Regulation B describes lending acts and practices that are specifically prohibited, permitted, or required, Official interpretations of the regulation are found in Supplement 1 to 12 C.F.R. Part 202. Because both FHA and the ECOA apply to mortgage lending, lenders may not discriminate in mortgage lending based on any prohibited factors in either list.

The OCC, OTS, FDIC, FRB, NCUA and FTC have authority to enforce compliance with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act ("ECOA") and Regulation B with respect to entities they each regulate. The agencies must notify HUD if they have a reason to believe that there has been an isolated violation of the ECOA or Regulation B that also violates the FHA and must notify DOJ of any pattern or practice violation of ECOA or Regulation B.

Truth in Lending/Home Owners Protection Act HOEPA Regulation Z: The Truth in Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq. ("TILA"), requires all creditors to calculate and disclose, in a uniform manner, the total cost of credit expressed as a dollar amount and as an annual percentage rate ("APR"). The TILA mandates additional disclosures for loans secured by a consumer's home and provides for a "cooling off period", during which consumers may rescind certain transactions that involve their principal dwelling. Click Here for more information on amendments to Regulation Z and predatory lending practices.

Click here for a complete historical summary of Civil Rights and Federal Fair Housing Law.

State of California Fair Housing Laws

Protect you from housing discrimination on the basis of Federal Law standards listed above as well as:

Marital Status, Ancestry, Sexual Orientation, and other Arbitrary Reasons.

UNRUH CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1959: (Civil Code, Section 51 and 52): Requires equal access to the accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges or services of all business establishments. Provides for the right to be free from discrimination in public accommodations regardless of sex, race, color, religion, ancestry or national origin. This Act has been interpreted by the courts to prohibit any arbitrary discrimination based in any class distinction, i.e., children, regardless of whether or not that basis is enumerated in the act itself. Complaints can be directed to DFEH and must be filed within one year. As of January 1, 1993, legislation provides that a violation of the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) is also a violation of the Unruh Civil Rights Act. Amended to include all disabilities.

FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT OF 1963: includes the California Fair Housing Law (Rumford Housing Act). The primary state law which prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, lease negotiation or financing of housing based on race, color national origin, sex, marital status, national origin and ancestry. Exclusion include owner-occupied houses with no more than one boarder, some non-commercial religious, fraternal, charitable housing and post-secondary educational housing that has restrictions based upon sex and marital status. DFEH has full powers to investigate, conciliate and litigate for the Fair Employment and Housing Commission which conducts hearings and issues orders which are enforceable by Superior Court. Private lawsuits may also be filed.

CALIFORNIA FAIR HOUSING ACT OF 1992: Brings the Fair Housing Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) into conformity with the Federal Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988. It is effective January 1, 1993. Added to current protected groups are "mental and physical disability" and "familial status." It requires that housing providers allow disabled persons to modify their premises and make reasonable accommodations to meet their needs. It increases the time limit for the filing of discrimination complaints from 60 days to one year while providing for unlimited compensatory damages and larger monetary fines. Provides minimum accessibility standards for all newly-constructed multi-family housing. Bars mobile home parks from "adults only" residency unless they comply with criteria for the senior housing exemption as defined under Housing for Older persons. Provides representation of the victim by the Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH) if the issue is removed to a court of law from the administrative process after determination that the law has been violated.

RALPH CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1976 (Civil Code, Sections 51.7 and 52): Provides that all persons within the jurisdiction of this state have the right to be free from any violence, or intimidation by threat of violence, committed against their persons or property because of their race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, political affiliation, sexual orientation, sex, age, disability or position in a labor dispute. The Act prohibits violence or threat of same in rental housing situations, including houses, apartments, hotel, boarding housing and condominiums. This section does not apply to statements concerning positions in a labor dispute which are made during otherwise lawful labor picketing.

Effective January 1, 1993, Government Code section 12970 will provide victims of hate up to $150,000 in emotional distress damages and civil penalties of up to $25,000.

Government Code Section 12948: It is considered an unlawful practice For a person to deny or to aid, incite or conspire in the denial of fights created by Sections 51 or 51.7 of the California Civil Code.

California Civil Code Section 51.3: This Section of the code specifies the establishment and preservation of specially designed accessible housing for senior citizens.

California Civil Code 54-54.3: Establishes the Right of visually handicapped persons and physically disabled persons to have equal access to public buildings, public facilities and housing accommodations. Guide dogs, signal dogs and service dogs shall have the right to accompany the disabled who will be liable for any damage to facilities or premises.

BANE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (Civil Code Section 52.1): In many ways broader than Ralph Civil Rights Act. Forbids interference by force or threat of force with an individual's constitutional or statutory fights. Though DFEH does not enforce the Bane Civil Rights Act, an understanding of the full scope of protections is essential. Since it prohibits interference with rights guaranteed by California laws, many Ralph Act violations are also violations of the Banes Civil Rights Act. The Act protects all the people of California. "Secured rights" protections includes places of worship, housing, public and private property.

California Supreme Court, 1982: Ruled that child discrimination is an illegal form of arbitrary discrimination.

Be sure to visit our Summary of the Evolution of Civil Rights and Federal Fair Housing Law


For additional information call 1-800-655-1812 or visit one of our conveniently located offices where walk-in services are available.


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